ADHD
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a condition characterised by a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that is more frequent and not appropriate to a child's age.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, also known as ADHD, is most common in children and is generally first diagnosed during the primary school years. Australian studies have found prevalence rates of ADHD between 2 % and 6 %, with a higher incidence of ADHD in boys than girls. Without the proper attention ADHD can continue through adolescence and into adulthood. Symptoms often become less severe in adolescents and adults.
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What causes ADHD?
Scientists agree that there is no single cause for ADHD. The factors thought to be associated with ADHD are both genetic and environmental. It is presumed that there is an imbalance of chemicals and more specific in the neurotransmitters that transmit messages in the brain.
What are possible symptoms of ADHD?
People with ADHD have difficulties paying attention, staying still and controlling their impulses. They may become bored very quickly and fidget or squirm constantly. Their often-disruptive behaviour at school, at home and among friends makes it hard for them to participate in all kind of activities.
The symptoms of ADHD fall into three basic subtypes:
- Predominantly inattentive type - characterised by difficulty in sustaining attention during activities, the inability to organise simple tasks and activities and forgetfulness;
- Predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type - characterized by constant fidgeting and moving (often at inappropriate times), being unable to sit quietly and incessant talking or blurting out excessively;
- Combined type-characterized by both inattention and hyperactivity.
These symptoms tend to be persistent and present in multiple settings. Although noticed primarily in childhood, ADHD symptoms can also be seen in teenagers and adults.
Can ADHD be treated?
The goal of any ADHD treatment is to change undesired behaviours that interfere with the child's day-to-day activities and learning.
There are two main approaches for the treatment and management of the symptoms of ADHD.
- Behaviour modification (including therapy and counseling)
- Medication
A combination, using both medication and behavioral treatment, is considered best approach. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment in children is the key to maximizing positive outcomes and to minimizing the negative long-term effects of ADHD in adulthood.
For more information see your Doctor or Healthcare Professional.
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